{"id":1136,"date":"2025-06-04T15:05:26","date_gmt":"2025-06-04T14:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/?page_id=1136"},"modified":"2025-07-12T15:54:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T14:54:30","slug":"les-codages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/les-codages\/","title":{"rendered":"Les codages"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<nav aria-label=\"Table des mati\u00e8res\" class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents\"><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/les-codages\/#ascii\">ASCII<\/a><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/les-codages\/#ascii-etendu-au-dessus-de-128-codes-128-a-255-contexte-francais\">\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7 ASCII \u00e9tendu au-dessus de 128 (codes 128 \u00e0 255) \u2013 Contexte fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/les-codages\/#utf8\">UTF8<\/a><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/les-codages\/#metaphore-pour-faciliter\">\ud83d\udcac M\u00e9taphore pour faciliter<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/les-codages\/#resume-pour-retenir\">\ud83c\udfaf R\u00e9sum\u00e9 pour retenir<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/les-codages\/#exercice-sous-linux\">Exercice sous linux<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ascii\">ASCII<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ASCII<\/strong> (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) est une norme qui permet de repr\u00e9senter des <strong>caract\u00e8res<\/strong> (lettres, chiffres, symboles, etc.) sous forme de <strong>valeurs num\u00e9riques<\/strong> que les ordinateurs peuvent traiter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Table_ASCII_complete.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Contenu embarqu\u00e9 Table_ASCII_compl\u00e8te.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-5e1a98fc-aa1d-4af3-ac64-f264d91dc49c\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Table_ASCII_complete.pdf\">Table_ASCII_compl\u00e8te<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Table_ASCII_complete.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-5e1a98fc-aa1d-4af3-ac64-f264d91dc49c\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ascii-etendu-au-dessus-de-128-codes-128-a-255-contexte-francais\">\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7 <strong>ASCII \u00e9tendu au-dessus de 128 (codes 128 \u00e0 255) \u2013 Contexte fran\u00e7ais<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>code ASCII standard<\/strong> s&rsquo;arr\u00eate \u00e0 <strong>127<\/strong>, mais pour repr\u00e9senter des caract\u00e8res sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 des langues comme le <strong>fran\u00e7ais<\/strong> (accents, c\u00e9dilles, symboles mon\u00e9taires, etc.), on utilise une <strong>extension de l&rsquo;ASCII<\/strong> sur <strong>8 bits<\/strong> (donc de 128 \u00e0 255).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Table_ASCII_etendu_128-255_Windows-1252.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Contenu embarqu\u00e9 Table_ASCII_etendu_128-255_Windows-1252.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-6503d2b2-5f94-4ba7-ad29-52c5013a1bb4\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Table_ASCII_etendu_128-255_Windows-1252.pdf\">Table_ASCII_etendu_128-255_Windows-1252<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Table_ASCII_etendu_128-255_Windows-1252.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-6503d2b2-5f94-4ba7-ad29-52c5013a1bb4\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sous linux on dispose de <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>man ascii\n#un extrait du man :<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Tableaux\n       Pour plus de commodit\u00e9, voici des tables plus compactes en  hexad\u00e9cimal\n       et en d\u00e9cimal.\n\n          2 3 4 5 6 7       30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120\n        -------------      ---------------------------------\n       0:   0 @ P ` p     0:    (  2  &lt;  F  P  Z  d   n   x\n       1: ! 1 A Q a q     1:    )  3  =  G  Q  &#91;  e   o   y\n       2: \" 2 B R b r     2:    *  4  &gt;  H  R  \\  f   p   z\n       3: # 3 C S c s     3: ! +  5  ? I  S  ]  g   q   {\n       4: $ 4 D T d t     4: \"  ,  6  @  J  T  ^  h   r   |\n       5: % 5 E U e u     5: #  -  7  A  K  U  _  i   s   }\n       6: &amp; 6 F V f v     6: $  . 8  B  L  V  `  j   t   ~\n       7: ' 7 G W g w     7: %  \/  9  C  M  W  a  k   u  DEL\n       8: ( 8 H X h x     8: &amp;  0  :  D  N  X  b  l   v\n       9: ) 9 I Y i y     9: '  1  ;  E  O  Y  c  m   w\n       A: * : J Z j z\n       B: + ; K &#91; k {\n       C: , &lt; L \\ l |\n       D: - = M ] m }\n       E: . &gt; N ^ n ~\n       F: \/ ? O _ o DEL<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"utf8\">UTF8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les <strong>128 premiers caract\u00e8res de UTF-8 = ASCII<\/strong> pur.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>A = 65 = 01000001<\/code> \u2192 en UTF-8 : <strong>1 octet identique<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UTF-8 est donc <strong>r\u00e9trocompatible<\/strong> avec ASCII.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Plage Unicode<\/th><th>Longueur en UTF-8<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>U+0000 \u00e0 U+007F<\/td><td>1 octet<\/td><td><code>A<\/code>, <code>a<\/code>, <code>0<\/code>, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>U+0080 \u00e0 U+07FF<\/td><td>2 octets<\/td><td><code>\u00e9<\/code>, <code>\u00e7<\/code>, <code>\u00f1<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>U+0800 \u00e0 U+FFFF<\/td><td>3 octets<\/td><td><code>\u20ac<\/code>, <code>\u0905<\/code>, <code>\u65e5<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>U+10000 et +<\/td><td>4 octets<\/td><td><code>\ud800\udf48<\/code>, <code>\ud83d\ude04<\/code>, etc.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Caract\u00e8re<\/th><th>ASCII (binaire)<\/th><th>UTF-8 (binaire)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A<\/td><td><code>01000001<\/code><\/td><td><code>01000001<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00e9<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td><code>11000011 10101001<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u20ac<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td><code>11100010 10000010 10101100<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"metaphore-pour-faciliter\">\ud83d\udcac M\u00e9taphore pour faciliter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Nombre d\u2019octets<\/th><th>Premier octet (bits de poids forts)<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1 octet<\/td><td>0xxxxxxx<\/td><td>Caract\u00e8re ASCII standard (0-127)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2 octets<\/td><td>110xxxxx<\/td><td>Premier octet d\u2019un caract\u00e8re sur 2 octets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3 octets<\/td><td>1110xxxx<\/td><td>Premier octet d\u2019un caract\u00e8re sur 3 octets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4 octets<\/td><td>11110xxx<\/td><td>Premier octet d\u2019un caract\u00e8re sur 4 octets<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ASCII<\/strong>, c\u2019est un petit tiroir \u00e0 128 cases.<br><strong>UTF-8<\/strong>, c\u2019est une <strong>commode extensible<\/strong> : elle garde les 128 premi\u00e8res cases intactes, mais ajoute des <strong>tiroirs suppl\u00e9mentaires \u00e0 ouverture variable<\/strong> (1 \u00e0 4 octets selon le caract\u00e8re).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"resume-pour-retenir\">\ud83c\udfaf R\u00e9sum\u00e9 pour retenir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2705 <strong>UTF-8 contient ASCII<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 G\u00e8re tous les alphabets du monde<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Flexible (1 \u00e0 4 octets par caract\u00e8re)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2705 Standard universel sur le web aujourd\u2019hui<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le site officiel :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unicode.org\/emoji\/charts\/full-emoji-list.html\">https:\/\/unicode.org\/emoji\/charts\/full-emoji-list.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exercice-sous-linux\">Exercice sous linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>bruno@elliott:~\/Works\/utf$ cat emoji.txt\n\ud83d\ude02\n\u00ea\n\u00e9\n\u00e8\n\u00e0\n@<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>bruno@elliott:~\/Works\/utf$ hexdump -C emoji.txt \n00000000  <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">f0 9f 98 82<\/mark> 0a <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">c3 aa<\/mark> 0a  <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#00d084\" class=\"has-inline-color\">c3 a9<\/mark> 0a <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#9b51e0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">c3 a8<\/mark> 0a <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#7bdcb5\" class=\"has-inline-color\">c3 a0<\/mark>  |................|\n00000010  0a <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-2-color\">40<\/mark> 0a 0a                                       |.@..|\n00000014\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">on voit nettement que le smiley c&rsquo;est 0xf0  0x9f 0x98 0x82   4 octets<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>0x82 : 1000 0010 (2)\n0x98 : 1001 0010 (2)\n0x9f : 1001 1111 (2)\n0xf0 : 1111 0000 (2)<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ASCII ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) est une norme qui permet de repr\u00e9senter des caract\u00e8res (lettres, chiffres, symboles, etc.) sous forme de valeurs num\u00e9riques que les ordinateurs peuvent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les codages - workboot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/les-codages\/\" \/>\n<meta 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