{"id":1726,"date":"2025-07-02T07:45:36","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T06:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/?page_id=1726"},"modified":"2025-12-09T11:13:36","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T10:13:36","slug":"linformatique-dans-le-temps","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/linformatique-dans-le-temps\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronologie de l\u2019informatique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Arts_et_Metiers_Pascaline_dsc03869.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"274\" data-id=\"1754\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Arts_et_Metiers_Pascaline_dsc03869.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Arts_et_Metiers_Pascaline_dsc03869.jpg 500w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Arts_et_Metiers_Pascaline_dsc03869-300x164.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pascaline\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pascaline  <\/a><br>Pascaline (M\u00e9canique)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Intel_C4004.jpg\" rel=\"https:\/\/www.4004.com\/mcs4-masks-schematics-sim.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" data-id=\"1755\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Intel_C4004.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1755\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Intel 400<a href=\"https:\/\/www.4004.com\/mcs4-masks-schematics-sim.html\">4 <\/a><\/mark><a href=\"https:\/\/www.4004.com\/mcs4-masks-schematics-sim.html\">https:\/\/www.4004.com\/mcs4-masks-schematics-sim.html<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Intel_C8086.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"1756\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Intel_C8086-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1756\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Intel_C8086-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Intel_C8086-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Intel_C8086-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Intel_C8086.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Intel 808<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intel_8086\">6<\/a><\/mark><br><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intel_8086\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intel_8086<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-rounded\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/corei9.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"363\" data-id=\"1757\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/corei9.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1757\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/corei9.webp 450w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/corei9-300x242.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Pascaline, Intel 4004,x86 (8086) , intel core I9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/raven-soc.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"1761\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/raven-soc-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/raven-soc-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/raven-soc-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/raven-soc-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/raven-soc.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">SOC RISCV Raven<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Chronologie de l&rsquo;informatique <\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd70\ufe0f <strong>Axe des Temps de l&rsquo;Informatique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Antiquit\u00e9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>~3000 av. J.-C.<\/strong> : <strong>Abacus<\/strong> (boulier) \u2013 Outil de calcul utilis\u00e9 en M\u00e9sopotamie et en Chine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>~200 av. J.-C.<\/strong> : <strong>M\u00e9canisme d\u2019Anticyth\u00e8re<\/strong> \u2013 Calculateur m\u00e9canique grec pour pr\u00e9voir les \u00e9clipses et \u00e9v\u00e9nements astronomiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>XVII\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1642<\/strong> : <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pascaline\">Pascaline<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 Premi\u00e8re machine \u00e0 calculer m\u00e9canique par <strong>Blaise Pascal<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1673<\/strong> : <strong>Machine de Leibniz<\/strong> \u2013 Am\u00e9lioration capable de faire les 4 op\u00e9rations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1837<\/strong> : <strong>Machine analytique<\/strong> \u2013 Concept d\u2019ordinateur programmable par <strong>Charles Babbage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1843<\/strong> : <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#ff6900\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Ada Lovelace<\/mark><\/strong> \u00e9crit le premier algorithme destin\u00e9 \u00e0 une machine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>XX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1936<\/strong> : <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#ff6900\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Machine de Turing<\/mark><\/strong> \u2013 Mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique de l\u2019ordinateur par <strong>Alan Turing<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1941<\/strong> : <strong>Z3<\/strong> \u2013 Premier ordinateur \u00e9lectrom\u00e9canique programmable (Konrad Zuse).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1943\u20131946<\/strong> : <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ENIAC#:~:text=L'ENIAC%20(acronyme%20de%20l,les%20probl%C3%A8mes%20de%20calcul%20num%C3%A9rique.\"><strong>ENIAC<\/strong> <\/a><\/mark>\u2013 Premier v\u00e9ritable ordinateur \u00e9lectronique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1950<\/strong> : <strong>Test de Turing<\/strong> \u2013 Alan Turing propose un test pour d\u00e9tecter l&rsquo;intelligence des machines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1956<\/strong> : <strong>Naissance de l\u2019IA<\/strong> \u2013 Terme \u00ab\u00a0intelligence artificielle\u00a0\u00bb formul\u00e9 lors de la conf\u00e9rence de Dartmouth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1969<\/strong> : <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARPANET#:~:text=ARPANET%2C%20ou%20Arpanet%20(de%20l,Research%20Projects%20Agency%20(DARPA).\">ARPANET<\/a><\/mark><\/strong> \u2013 Anc\u00eatre d\u2019Internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1971<\/strong> : <strong>Premier microprocesseur<\/strong> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intel_4004\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Intel 4004<\/mark>.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1981<\/strong> : <strong>Premier <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM_PC\">PC d&rsquo;IBM<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 D\u00e9but de la micro-informatique domestique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1989<\/strong> : <strong>Invention du World Wide Web<\/strong> par <strong>Tim Berners-Lee<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>XXI\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2023<\/strong> : <strong>GPT-4<\/strong> \u2013 Version am\u00e9lior\u00e9e avec capacit\u00e9s de raisonnement et multimodales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2007<\/strong> : <strong>iPhone<\/strong> \u2013 R\u00e9volution des smartphones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2011<\/strong> : <strong>Siri (Apple)<\/strong> \u2013 Premi\u00e8re IA int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone grand public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2016<\/strong> : <strong>AlphaGo bat un champion humain de Go<\/strong> \u2013 Grand pas dans l\u2019IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2020<\/strong> : <strong>GPT-3<\/strong> \u2013 IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative avanc\u00e9e d\u2019OpenAI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2022<\/strong> : <strong>ChatGPT (GPT-3.5)<\/strong> \u2013 D\u00e9but de l\u2019interaction massive entre IA et grand public.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udda5\ufe0f Les d\u00e9buts de l\u2019informatique (ann\u00e9es 1950\u20131970) :<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/carteperforee.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"283\" height=\"178\" data-id=\"1729\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/carteperforee.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1729\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/machine_carte_perforee.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"197\" data-id=\"1730\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/machine_carte_perforee.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1730\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM_526_Printing_Summary_Punch.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" data-id=\"1732\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM_526_Printing_Summary_Punch-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM_526_Printing_Summary_Punch-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM_526_Printing_Summary_Punch-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM_526_Printing_Summary_Punch-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM_526_Printing_Summary_Punch-1536x1150.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM_526_Printing_Summary_Punch.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM-701.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"350\" data-id=\"1731\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM-701.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM-701.jpg 620w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IBM-701-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pas d&rsquo;interfaces graphiques<\/strong>. Les ordinateurs \u00e9taient contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par des <strong>cartes perfor\u00e9es<\/strong>, puis par des <strong>terminaux en ligne de commande<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le <strong>terminal texte<\/strong> (CLI, <em>Command Line Interface<\/em>) \u00e9tait la norme : on tapait des instructions, et l\u2019ordinateur r\u00e9pondait par du texte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcbe Ann\u00e9es 1980 : l\u2019essor des ordinateurs personnels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"671\" data-id=\"1738\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos-1024x671.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1738\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos-1024x671.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos-cpm-webage-cpm-plus-v1.00-radio-shack.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"1737\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos-cpm-webage-cpm-plus-v1.00-radio-shack.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1737\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos-cpm-webage-cpm-plus-v1.00-radio-shack.jpg 640w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dos-cpm-webage-cpm-plus-v1.00-radio-shack-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voila un lien sur le WEB qui \u00e9mule un DOS pour d\u00e9couvrir, il y a m\u00eame des jeux &#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">quelques commandes :  dir \/ cd \/ keyb fr \/ <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/copy.sh\/v86\/?profile=msdos\">ttps:\/\/copy.sh\/v86\/?profile=msdos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Toujours beaucoup de ligne de commande :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MS-DOS<\/strong>, <strong>Unix<\/strong>,<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Control_Program\/Monitor\"> <strong>CP\/M<\/strong><\/a> : interfaces en texte.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les utilisateurs devaient conna\u00eetre les commandes pour naviguer, lancer des programmes, manipuler des fichiers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\uddb1\ufe0f Fin des ann\u00e9es 1980\u20131990 : arriv\u00e9e des interfaces graphiques (GUI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MacintoshGroup-1024x1024-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"1741\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MacintoshGroup-1024x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1741\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MacintoshGroup-1024x1024-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MacintoshGroup-1024x1024-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MacintoshGroup-1024x1024-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/MacintoshGroup-1024x1024-1-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037478-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"1675\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037478-769x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037478-769x1024.jpg 769w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037478-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037478-768x1023.jpg 768w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037478-1153x1536.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037478-1538x2048.jpg 1538w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037478-scaled.jpg 1922w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037474-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"1670\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037474-769x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1670\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037474-769x1024.jpg 769w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037474-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037474-768x1023.jpg 768w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037474-1153x1536.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037474-1538x2048.jpg 1538w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1000037474-scaled.jpg 1922w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avec <strong>Macintosh (1984)<\/strong>, <strong>Windows (1985+)<\/strong>, l\u2019informatique devient plus visuelle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les <strong>GUI<\/strong> (interfaces utilisateur graphiques) popularisent l\u2019ordinateur aupr\u00e8s du grand public.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Mais : la ligne de commande reste essentielle pour les administrateurs, d\u00e9veloppeurs et utilisateurs avanc\u00e9s.<\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udce1 Aujourd\u2019hui<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019informatique grand public se fait <strong>presque exclusivement en interface graphique<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Mais <strong>la ligne de commande est toujours tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9e<\/strong> :<\/mark>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00e9veloppement logiciel (bash, zsh, PowerShell\u2026)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Administration syst\u00e8me (Linux\/Unix)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DevOps, cloud, automatisation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acc\u00e8s distant (SSH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Super calculateur Jean ZAY , PARIS SACLAY (2019-2025&#8230;.)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/super-calculateur-jean-zay\/\">Super Calculateur Jean Zay<\/a>  (environ 4000 utilisateurs)<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/JeanZay.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/JeanZay.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/JeanZay.jpg 700w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/JeanZay-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Supercalculateur Jean Zay, nomm\u00e9 ainsi en l&rsquo;honneur du ministre de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation nationale qui fut l&rsquo;artisan, avec Jean Perrin, de la cr\u00e9ation du CNRS. Capable d&rsquo;effectuer 13,9 millions de milliards d&rsquo;op\u00e9rations par seconde dans sa configuration initiale install\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 2019, ce supercalculateur converg\u00e9 permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tendre les modes d&rsquo;utilisation classiques du calcul de haute performance (HPC) \u00e0 de nouveaux usages pour l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle (IA). En plus de ses 1 528 noeuds de 40 coeurs Intel Cascade Lake \u00e0 2,5 GHz, il comprend 261 noeuds \u00ab\u00a0converg\u00e9s hybrides acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb compos\u00e9s chacun de 40 coeurs \u00e0 2,5 GHz et de 4 GPUs NVIDIA V100. Chaque noeud dispose de 192 Go de m\u00e9moire et chaque GPU de 32 Go. Con\u00e7u par Hewlett Packard Enterprise, ce supercalculateur HPE SGI 8600 a \u00e9t\u00e9 acquis en 2019 par le Genci (Grand \u00e9quipement national de calcul intensif) et est op\u00e9r\u00e9 par l&rsquo;IDRIS, localis\u00e9 sur le plateau de Saclay.   UPS851 Institut du D\u00e9veloppement et des Ressources en Informatique Scientifique  20190051_0007<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udda5\ufe0f Les d\u00e9buts de l\u2019informatique (ann\u00e9es 1950\u20131970) : \ud83d\udcbe Ann\u00e9es 1980 : l\u2019essor des ordinateurs personnels Voila un lien sur le WEB qui \u00e9mule un DOS pour d\u00e9couvrir, il y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1726","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chronologie de l\u2019informatique - workboot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/linformatique-dans-le-temps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chronologie de l\u2019informatique - 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