{"id":1931,"date":"2025-07-04T16:28:16","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T15:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/?page_id=1931"},"modified":"2025-07-04T16:28:16","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T15:28:16","slug":"variables-denvironnement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/variables-denvironnement\/","title":{"rendered":"Variables d’environnement"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\ud83d\udd38 Variables d\u2019environnement courantes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Variable<\/th>R\u00f4le<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
PATH<\/code><\/td>R\u00e9pertoire(s) o\u00f9 chercher les ex\u00e9cutables (\/bin:\/usr\/bin:...<\/code>)<\/td><\/tr>
HOME<\/code><\/td>R\u00e9pertoire personnel de l\u2019utilisateur (\/home\/toto<\/code>)<\/td><\/tr>
USER<\/code><\/td>Nom de l\u2019utilisateur<\/td><\/tr>
SHELL<\/code><\/td>Shell utilis\u00e9 (\/bin\/bash<\/code>, \/bin\/zsh<\/code>, etc.)<\/td><\/tr>
PWD<\/code><\/td>R\u00e9pertoire courant<\/td><\/tr>
OLDPWD<\/code><\/td>Dernier r\u00e9pertoire courant<\/td><\/tr>
EDITOR<\/code><\/td>\u00c9diteur par d\u00e9faut (vim<\/code>, nano<\/code>, etc.)<\/td><\/tr>
LANG<\/code>, LC_*<\/code><\/td>Param\u00e8tres de langue et de localisation<\/td><\/tr>
TERM<\/code><\/td>Type de terminal (ex: xterm-256color<\/code>)<\/td><\/tr>
PS1<\/code><\/td>Invite de commande principale (prompt)<\/td><\/tr>
PS2<\/code><\/td>Invite secondaire (par exemple pour les lignes incompl\u00e8tes)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

printenv # Liste toutes les variables d\u2019environnement<\/p>\n\n\n\n

etudiant@ordi:~$ printenv\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash\nPWD=\/home\/etudiant\nLOGNAME=etudiant\nXDG_SESSION_TYPE=tty\nMOTD_SHOWN=pam\nHOME=\/home\/etudiant\nLANG=fr_FR.UTF-8\nLS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.webp=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:\nSSH_CONNECTION=192.168.1.100 45752 192.168.1.55 22\nLESSCLOSE=\/usr\/bin\/lesspipe %s %s\nXDG_SESSION_CLASS=user\nTERM=xterm-256color\nLESSOPEN=| \/usr\/bin\/lesspipe %s\nUSER=etudiant\nSHLVL=1\nXDG_SESSION_ID=37\nXDG_RUNTIME_DIR=\/run\/user\/1000\nSSH_CLIENT=192.168.1.100 45752 22\nXDG_DATA_DIRS=\/usr\/share\/gnome:\/usr\/local\/share:\/usr\/share:\/var\/lib\/snapd\/desktop\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin:\/usr\/games:\/usr\/local\/games:\/snap\/bin\nDBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=\/run\/user\/1000\/bus\nSSH_TTY=\/dev\/pts\/0\n_=\/usr\/bin\/printenv\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n

echo $HOME # Affiche une variable sp\u00e9cifique<\/p>\n\n\n\n
etudiant@ordi:~$ echo $HOME\n\/home\/etudiant\netudiant@ordi:~$ echo $USER\netudiant\netudiant@ordi:~$ \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n

env # Ex\u00e9cute une commande avec un environnement<\/p>\n\n\n\n
permet de red\u00e9finir un environnement , ponctuellement<\/p>\n\n\n\n
env var=\u00a0\u00bbDorian\u00a0\u00bb .\/test.sh    # dans test.sh var contient Dorian <\/p>\n\n\n\n
etudiant@ordi:~\/Works\/env$ vi test.sh\netudiant@ordi:~\/Works\/env$ chmod +x test.sh \netudiant@ordi:~\/Works\/env$ .\/test.sh \n\netudiant@ordi:~\/Works\/env$ env var=\"toto\" .\/test.sh \ntoto<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
on va jouer avec PS1 , car oui c’est amusant !<\/p>\n\n\n\n
user@machine:~$\n#ou\netudiant@ordi:~$<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
1. S\u00e9quences de base pour PS1<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
S\u00e9quence<\/th>Signification<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\\u<\/code><\/td>Nom de l\u2019utilisateur<\/td><\/tr>
\\h<\/code><\/td>Nom de la machine (hostname)<\/td><\/tr>
\\w<\/code><\/td>R\u00e9pertoire courant<\/td><\/tr>
\\W<\/code><\/td>Nom du dossier courant (basename)<\/td><\/tr>
\\d<\/code><\/td>Date (ex: \u00ab\u00a0Mon Apr 1\u00a0\u00bb)<\/td><\/tr>
\\t<\/code><\/td>Heure (HH:MM:SS)<\/td><\/tr>
\\$<\/code><\/td>$<\/code> normal, #<\/code> root<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
2. Codes couleurs ANSI pour le terminal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Pour colorer le prompt, on utilise les codes ANSI encadr\u00e9s par \\[\\e[ ... m\\]<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Couleur<\/th>Code<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Noir<\/td>30<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Rouge<\/td>31<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Vert<\/td>32<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Jaune<\/td>33<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Bleu<\/td>34<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Magenta<\/td>35<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Cyan<\/td>36<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Blanc<\/td>37<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Exemple pour du vert vif<\/strong> (gras) : \\[\\e[1;32m\\]<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
etudiant@ordi ~ $ PS1=\">\"\n>\n>\n>\n>export PS1=\"\\[\\e[1;32m\\]\\u@\\h \\[\\e[1;34m\\]\\w \\[\\e[0m\\]\\$ \"\netudiant@ordi ~ $ export PS1=\"\\[\\e[1;32m\\]> \\[\\e[0m\\]\"\n> \n> export PS1=\"\\[\\e[1;32m\\]\\u@\\h \\[\\e[1;34m\\]\\w \\[\\e[0m\\]\\$ \"  # pour remettre un beau prompt!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\ud83d\udd38 Variables d\u2019environnement courantes Variable R\u00f4le PATH R\u00e9pertoire(s) o\u00f9 chercher les ex\u00e9cutables (\/bin:\/usr\/bin:…) HOME R\u00e9pertoire personnel de l\u2019utilisateur (\/home\/toto) USER Nom de l\u2019utilisateur SHELL Shell utilis\u00e9 (\/bin\/bash, \/bin\/zsh, etc.) PWD […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1931","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nVariables d'environnement - workboot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/variables-denvironnement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Variables d'environnement - workboot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\ud83d\udd38 Variables d\u2019environnement courantes Variable R\u00f4le PATH R\u00e9pertoire(s) o\u00f9 chercher les ex\u00e9cutables (\/bin:\/usr\/bin:...) 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