{"id":4894,"date":"2025-11-04T18:54:23","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T17:54:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/?page_id=4894"},"modified":"2025-11-04T19:12:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T18:12:27","slug":"systemd-et-daemon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/","title":{"rendered":"systemd et Daemon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TP on cr\u00e9e un <a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/service-pour-rpi-sous-linux\/\">Daemon <\/a> ou service<\/p>\n\n\n\n<nav aria-label=\"Table des mati\u00e8res\" class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents\"><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#systemd-et-les-daemons\">systemd et les daemons<\/a><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#1-1-c-est-quoi-systemd\">1.1 C&rsquo;est quoi systemd ?<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#1-2-les-commandes-systemctl-de-base\">1.2 Les commandes systemctl de base<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#1-3-demarrer-arreter-un-service\">1.3 D\u00e9marrer\/arr\u00eater un service<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#1-4-demarrage-automatique\">1.4 D\u00e9marrage automatique<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#1-5-voir-tous-les-services\">1.5 Voir tous les services<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#les-daemons-en-pratique\">Les daemons en pratique<\/a><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#2-1-exemples-de-daemons-courants\">2.1 Exemples de daemons courants<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#2-2-les-logs-des-daemons\">2.2 Les logs des daemons<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/systemd-et-daemon\/#2-3-exercice-pratique-gerer-le-service-ssh\">2.3 Exercice pratique : g\u00e9rer le service SSH<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"systemd-et-les-daemons\">systemd et les daemons<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ab\u00a0C&rsquo;est un d\u00e9mon\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9crit la nature technique du processus (un programme en arri\u00e8re-plan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ab\u00a0C&rsquo;est un service\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9crit la fa\u00e7on dont il est g\u00e9r\u00e9 (comme une unit\u00e9 par systemd).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-1-c-est-quoi-systemd\">1.1 C&rsquo;est quoi systemd ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>systemd<\/strong>&nbsp;= le \u00ab\u00a0chef d&rsquo;orchestre\u00a0\u00bb de Linux<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C&rsquo;est le premier programme qui d\u00e9marre quand Linux s&rsquo;allume (PID 1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il lance tous les autres programmes et services<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/standing-daemon.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"726\" height=\"475\" src=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/standing-daemon.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4897\" style=\"width:192px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/standing-daemon.jpg 726w, https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/standing-daemon-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Daemon<\/strong>&nbsp;= un programme qui tourne en arri\u00e8re-plan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exemples : sshd (service SSH), apache2 (serveur web), mysql (base de donn\u00e9es)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comme un \u00ab\u00a0service Windows\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-2-les-commandes-systemctl-de-base\">1.2 Les commandes systemctl de base<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>bruno@debian13:~$ systemctl status ssh\n\u25cf ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server\n     Loaded: loaded (\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/ssh.service; enabled; preset: enabled)\n     Active: active (<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">running<\/mark>) since Sun 2025-10-05 16:53:30 CEST; 4 weeks 2 days ago\n Invocation: 7aa19ad276de4c048901b77b5d9be420\n       Docs: man:sshd(8)\n             man:sshd_config(5)\n    Process: 1661 ExecStartPre=\/usr\/sbin\/sshd -t (code=exited, status=0\/SUCCESS)\n   Main PID: 1701 (sshd)\n      Tasks: 1 (limit: 34670)\n     Memory: 9.6M (peak: 28M)\n        CPU: 137ms\n     CGroup: \/system.slice\/ssh.service\n             \u2514\u25001701 \"sshd: \/usr\/sbin\/sshd -D &#91;listener] 0 of 10-100 startups\"\n\noct. 05 16:53:30 debian13 systemd&#91;1]: Starting ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server...\noct. 05 16:53:30 debian13 sshd&#91;1701]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.\noct. 05 16:53:30 debian13 sshd&#91;1701]: Server listening on :: port 22.\noct. 05 16:53:30 debian13 systemd&#91;1]: Started ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server.\noct. 07 09:47:42 debian13 sshd-session&#91;74881]: Accepted password for bruno from 192.168.1.2 port 36508 ssh2\noct. 07 09:47:42 debian13 sshd-session&#91;74881]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user bruno(uid=1000) by bruno(uid=0)\noct. 13 11:44:55 debian13 sshd-session&#91;331783]: Accepted password for bruno from 192.168.1.2 port 41310 ssh2\noct. 13 11:44:55 debian13 sshd-session&#91;331783]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user bruno(uid=1000) by bruno(uid=0)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les \u00e9tats importants :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>active (running)<\/code>\u00a0= \u00e7a marche \u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>inactive (dead)<\/code>\u00a0= arr\u00eat\u00e9 \u2717<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>failed<\/code>\u00a0= plant\u00e9 \ud83d\udca5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-3-demarrer-arreter-un-service\">1.3 D\u00e9marrer\/arr\u00eater un service<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># D\u00e9marrer un service\nsudo systemctl start ssh\n\n# Arr\u00eater un service  \nsudo systemctl stop ssh\n\n# Red\u00e9marrer (stop + start)\nsudo systemctl restart ssh\n\n# Recharger juste la configuration\nsudo systemctl reload ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-4-demarrage-automatique\">1.4 D\u00e9marrage automatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Activer le d\u00e9marrage auto au boot\nsudo systemctl enable ssh\n\n# D\u00e9sactiver le d\u00e9marrage auto\nsudo systemctl disable ssh\n\n# Voir si c'est activ\u00e9\nsystemctl is-enabled ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-5-voir-tous-les-services\">1.5 Voir tous les services<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Lister tous les services\nsystemctl list-units --type=service\n\n# Voir seulement les services actifs\nsystemctl list-units --type=service --state=active\n\n# Voir les services \u00e9chou\u00e9s\nsystemctl --failed<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-daemons-en-pratique\">Les daemons en pratique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-1-exemples-de-daemons-courants\">2.1 Exemples de daemons courants<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Service SSH (connexion \u00e0 distance)\nsystemctl status ssh\n\n# Service r\u00e9seau\nsystemctl status systemd-networkd\n\n# Service d'impression\nsystemctl status cups\n\n# Service horloge\nsystemctl status systemd-timesyncd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-2-les-logs-des-daemons\">2.2 Les logs des daemons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Voir les logs d'un service\nsudo journalctl -u ssh\n\n# Voir les logs en temps r\u00e9el\nsudo journalctl -u ssh -f\n\n# Voir les logs depuis hier\nsudo journalctl -u ssh --since=yesterday<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-3-exercice-pratique-gerer-le-service-ssh\">2.3 Exercice pratique : g\u00e9rer le service SSH<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># 1. V\u00e9rifier le statut\nsystemctl status ssh\n\n# 2. Si il est arr\u00eat\u00e9, le d\u00e9marrer\nsudo systemctl start ssh\n\n# 3. V\u00e9rifier qu'il est bien actif\nsystemctl status ssh\n\n# 4. Activer le d\u00e9marrage automatique\nsudo systemctl enable ssh\n\n# 5. Voir les logs\nsudo journalctl -u ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TP on cr\u00e9e un Daemon ou service systemd et les daemons \u00ab\u00a0C&rsquo;est un d\u00e9mon\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9crit la nature technique du processus (un programme en arri\u00e8re-plan). \u00ab\u00a0C&rsquo;est un service\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9crit la fa\u00e7on dont il est g\u00e9r\u00e9 (comme une unit\u00e9 par systemd). 1.1 C&rsquo;est quoi systemd ? systemd&nbsp;= le \u00ab\u00a0chef d&rsquo;orchestre\u00a0\u00bb de Linux Daemon&nbsp;= un programme qui tourne [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4894","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"TP on cr\u00e9e un Daemon ou service systemd et les daemons \u00ab\u00a0C&rsquo;est un d\u00e9mon\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9crit la nature technique du processus (un programme en arri\u00e8re-plan). \u00ab\u00a0C&rsquo;est un service\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9crit la fa\u00e7on dont il est g\u00e9r\u00e9 (comme une unit\u00e9 par systemd). 1.1 C&rsquo;est quoi systemd ? systemd&nbsp;= le \u00ab\u00a0chef d&rsquo;orchestre\u00a0\u00bb de Linux Daemon&nbsp;= un programme qui tourne\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4894","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4894"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4894\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4905,"href":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4894\/revisions\/4905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workboot.fr\/ciela\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}